Introduction. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the association between overall state school assessment and selected problem behaviours among secondary school students. Method. The nationwide sample included 4085 students interviewed in 2015, from 70 randomly selected schools that had undergone comprehensive external evaluation. Two standardised scales describing alcohol drinking and delinquent behaviour taken from Polish version of CHIP-AE questionnaire (Child Health and Illness Profile – Adolescent Edition) were used. Hierarchical data structure was taking into account by comparison between a standard linear model and a mixed model with random intercept. The school assessment was based on 12 evaluation requirements and three categories of schools were distinguished (worse, average and better; 20%, 60% and 20% of the sampled schools respectively). Impact of gender, age, school achievements and family affluence on problem behaviours were analysed at the individual level. Results. Among individual determinants, males and poor school achievements were a prediction of both problem behaviours (alcohol use and delinquent behaviour). A significant relationship between the results of school evaluation and alcohol use was demonstrated in preliminary analyses, but was weakly confirmed in multilevel models. However, the association between these results of school evaluation and the variability of delinquent behaviour index was revealed in the multivariate analysis, particularly in interaction with school achievements. Conclusion. Better school may reduce the negative impact of factors contributing to adolescence problem behaviour.